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FEZF2 – Intellectual Disability

FEZF2 has emerged as a candidate gene in intellectual disability (MONDO_0001071) based on its identification in multi‐patient genomic studies and functional assays. Genetic screening of a large cohort of individuals with intellectual disability revealed rare de novo and recessive variants in FEZF2, although detailed segregation data from extended families remains limited (PMID:27431290). The observed mode of inheritance aligns with an autosomal recessive pattern, which is consistent with the majority of pathogenic variants detected in the cohort. A representative reported variant, c.1266C>G (p.Cys422Trp), exemplifies the type of coding alteration implicated in the disorder. Functional studies further support FEZF2’s role in neurodevelopment by demonstrating that perturbations in its expression affect neural differentiation processes (PMID:34562292). Moreover, additional assessments have linked deleterious FEZF2 variants with broader neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including neurodevelopmental delay and autism, thereby indirectly reinforcing its involvement in intellectual disability (PMID:38425142). Despite this supportive evidence, the current case series provide only modest genetic replication and limited segregation data, leading to a cautious interpretation of the gene–disease relationship. Nevertheless, the combined genetic and functional findings underscore a preliminary yet clinically intriguing role for FEZF2 in intellectual disability, offering potential avenues for future diagnostic applications and research exploration.

References

  • Molecular psychiatry • 2017 • Clinical genomics expands the morbid genome of intellectual disability and offers a high diagnostic yield PMID:27431290
  • Cell Proliferation • 2021 • Arid1a regulates neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during cortical development PMID:34562292
  • American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A • 2024 • Rare predicted deleterious FEZF2 variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype PMID:38425142

Evidence Based Scoring (AI generated)

Gene–Disease Association

Limited

FEZF2 variants have been reported in individuals with intellectual disability; however, the evidence is limited by the low number of independent probands and minimal segregation data (PMID:27431290).

Genetic Evidence

Limited

While rare de novo and recessive variants—including c.1266C>G (p.Cys422Trp)—were identified in ID cohorts, the overall genetic evidence is modest due to the sparse replication and segregation support (PMID:27431290).

Functional Evidence

Moderate

Functional assays demonstrate that alterations in FEZF2 can disrupt neural differentiation, and additional studies linking deleterious variants to neurodevelopmental phenotypes bolster its contributory role (PMID:34562292, PMID:38425142).