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BEST1 – Adult-onset Foveomacular Vitelliform Dystrophy

Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AVMD) is an autosomal dominant macular degeneration characterized by yellow subretinal deposits and mild visual disturbance. Initial multi-center screening in 32 unrelated AVMD patients identified four distinct BEST1 variants, including the splice-site mutation c.636+1G>T, in 12.5% of cases ([PMID:10854112]). However, subsequent cohorts of 19 and 24 AVMD probands showed no pathogenic BEST1 changes ([PMID:21269699]; [PMID:32942919]). A single heterozygous missense variant, c.113T>G (p.Ile38Ser), was later reported in a 51-year-old with AVMD, with patch-clamp studies demonstrating a mild reduction in chloride current relative to wild-type bestrophin-1, consistent with a partial loss-of-function mechanism ([PMID:28831140]).

Overall, heterozygous BEST1 mutations have been detected in fewer than ten unrelated AVMD probands without documented segregation, and negative findings in multiple cohorts dispute a major role. Functional assays for p.Ile38Ser support a mild dominant effect but are limited to a single variant. Further familial segregation and replication in diverse populations are needed to clarify BEST1’s contribution to AVMD.

References

  • Ophthalmology • 2011 • Systematic screening of BEST1 and PRPH2 in juvenile and adult vitelliform macular dystrophies: a rationale for molecular analysis. PMID:21269699
  • European journal of human genetics • 2000 • Mutations in the VMD2 gene are associated with juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best disease) and adult vitelliform macular dystrophy but not age-related macular degeneration. PMID:10854112
  • Scientific reports • 2017 • Adult-Onset Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy caused by BEST1 p.Ile38Ser Mutation is a Mild Form of Best Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy. PMID:28831140
  • Ophthalmic genetics • 2020 • Investigating the role of BEST1 and PRPH2 variants in the molecular aetiology of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophies. PMID:32942919

Evidence Based Scoring (AI generated)

Gene–Disease Association

Limited

Heterozygous BEST1 variants reported in ~5 unrelated AVMD probands ([PMID:10854112],[PMID:28831140]) with conflicting negative screens and no segregation

Genetic Evidence

Limited

Rare splice-site and missense BEST1 variants in AVMD without familial co-segregation

Functional Evidence

Limited

Patch-clamp of p.Ile38Ser demonstrates mild loss-of-function in vitro ([PMID:28831140])