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KISS1 – Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

The ligand gene KISS1 is implicated in autosomal recessive hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In a consanguineous kindred, a homozygous inactivating KISS1 variant, c.339C>G (p.Asn113Lys), was identified in multiple affected siblings who failed to progress through puberty and exhibited low gonadotropin levels, confirming kisspeptin’s essential role in GnRH neuron activation ([PMID:22335740]).

Functional studies in Kiss1 knockout mice recapitulate pubertal arrest and infertility, and exogenous kisspeptin restores GnRH secretion, supporting a loss-of-function mechanism ([PMID:17519946]). No additional pathogenic KISS1 variants have been reported in isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism cohorts, underscoring the rarity of this aetiology.

Key Take-home: Homozygous inactivating KISS1 variants cause rare autosomal recessive hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and should be considered in genetic evaluation of GnRH deficiency.

References

  • The New England journal of medicine • 2012 • Inactivating KISS1 mutation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism PMID:22335740
  • British Journal of Pharmacology • 2007 • Kisspeptins: a multifunctional peptide system with a role in reproduction, cancer and the cardiovascular system PMID:17519946

Evidence Based Scoring (AI generated)

Gene–Disease Association

Limited

One homozygous inactivating variant segregating in a single consanguineous family

Genetic Evidence

Limited

Single family with homozygous c.339C>G (p.Asn113Lys) variant in KISS1 associated with HH

Functional Evidence

Limited

Knockout mouse models and receptor signalling studies support loss-of-function but no variant-specific assays